: ) Presentation on Science

The value of science †¢ Science is man’s most powerful weapon, with which man has freed himself from the yoke of ignorance and subsequent fear. Science is man’s treasure house, which has constantly provided him with vitality, hopes, ambitions, understanding and insights †¢ We are in the age of science and technology. Man cannot live without the aid of science. Science has so much engulfed our lives that nothing can take place in our day to day work without the help of science. Our food, transport, learning, administration, recreation and social life are all linked with science in various ways. To answer the question whether science has come to mankind as a boon or as a use for ruin (bane), one should know what science exactly means. Science is said to be a systematic classification of experiences. We, men wonder at the various things and events happening around us. We get doubts; what are they? These questions are the basic seeds for science. Then starts the t hinking, reasoning, analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast and finally the truth emerges †¢ Leaving that apart, another creation of science is pollution of the environment. Industrialization with the aid of science has polluted air, water, food and the atmosphere.The ozone layer is giving threatening signals. So here is a case for man to consider science as a cause of ruin. The aim of science is search for truth, and to know things, hitherto unknown. A scientist does not accept ideas, simply because, they were accepted by others earlier. Great discoveries are a result of reasoning. A lot of patience and observation are required. Civilization, as it is today, is the result of a number of discoveries made in the field of science. The invention of them simple wheel has resulted in our modern industrialization. †¢ The aim of science is search for truth, and to know things, hitherto unknown.A scientist does not accept ideas, simply because, they were accepted by others ea rlier. Great discoveries are a result of reasoning. A lot of patience and observation are required. Civilization, as it is today, is the result of a number of discoveries made in the field of science. The invention of them simple wheel has resulted in our modern industrialization. When the universe reveals more secrets to man by means of science, there is hope that the present man will become a superman and eventually science would be only a boon and not a bane of his life. Science without conscience is death of the soul.

High Performance Working Systems Essay

High performance working systems have been defined as a combination of the practices of HR, the work structure of the organization and the processes utilized by the organization in order to maximize the knowledge, skills, commitment and flexibility of the employees. When this is implemented effectively, this form of working system would be able to benefit both the employees and management of the organization since employees will become more involved in the organization by becoming valuable contributors to the overall growth of the company (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). In the case of Lanier Worldwide, the high performance working system would benefit the company since there are a number of branches that are situated around the country, utilizing a high performance working system would ensure that they are given up-to-date information of the company’s business plans and strategies which would allow the employees from the different branches to provide suggestions in order to improve the operations of the company as well as making the employees more committed to the courses of action being implemented by the company (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). While all of the steps in setting up a high performance working system are considered to be crucial, the most important would have to be the establishment of a solid two-way communication plan during the initial stages of the changes being made by the company using this form of working system. This is because when management is able to properly communicate with their employees, fears and concern that may be felt by employees will be diminished. This, in turn, will ensure that commitment towards the established goals of the company will be reaffirmed and allow issues and areas of improvement to easily be addressed. Without a properly crafted communication plan, employees may become apathetic to the changes management would want to implement which may open doors to more problems on the part of the company’s operation as a whole.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Essay Example For every minute he waits by the side for a medical team, his chances for survival becomes slim and his chances of leading a normal life, if he recovers, fade away (American Health Association, 2007). The proposal directly responds to the call by VHA Health Foundation projects related to hospital preparedness. It calls for an emergency procedure that doctors want performed on patients to allow CVD victims to reach hospitals still alive and breathing. It follows the normal flow of proposals, starting with introduction and procedure to budget preparations and conclusion (Hale, Phale D., 1999). The budget details the project cost of the entire project, estimating expenses from the time the concept began to the time it is completed. There maybe other incidental expenses that may just happen in the course of the project, but these unexpected expenses should be considered more or less in the project itself (Volunteering Queensland, 2007). The conclusion summarizes what the proposal wants to project, highlighting its crucial components to convince donors to provide funding. I think the proposal stands a good chance of being funded, but like most other proposals it is entirely possible that it is also rejected. When that case happens, I need to study my proposal some more and det

Canadian Blood Services Analysis Research Paper

Canadian Blood Services Analysis - Research Paper Example Introduction It has been the wish of Canadian Blood Services to continue saving lives through supplying adequate blood. Nonetheless, it is quite obvious that the blood supply is barely enough to meet the increasing demand resulting from the ageing population as well as increased number of emergencies and elective surgeries. As a result, this has called for development of efficient and effective strategies aimed at increasing blood supply through increased donors as well as repeat donations. This memo contains SWOT analysis and strategies that can be used to attain increased blood supply are outlined. Discussion Objectives of Canadian Blood Services Canadian Blood Services is an organization that attempts to motivate people to donate blood. The organization’s main objective is to increase the number of donors to approximately 400,000 and donor retention statistics in order to meet the challenges of increasing blood demand. Increasing blood demand is associated with ageing popul ation, increased emergencies and elective surgeries, and the need to reduce waiting time. Attaining this objective however, requires effective motivational strategies. SWOT Analysis In order to identify the best strategies that will lead to increased blood supply from donors, there is need to understand the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats surrounding CBS. The SWOT analysis exhibit 1 displays some of the strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats facing the organization. Market Segmentation Market segmentation is an important aspect in marketing since it provides an overview and vista to identify specific groups of persons or individuals to focus on while using promotional strategies to influence their behaviors. There are two forms or categories of market segment that CBS should focus on in a bid to increasing number of donors and repeated donations. These two categories are non-remunerated and remunerated blood donation market segments. Remunerated Blood Donati on Segment: The remunerated blood donation segment involves individuals who are above 17 years of age. These individuals are reached out to through mails, flyers, or word or mouth. In most cases, the segment obtains financial incentives from CBS hence termed as remunerated blood donation segment. CBS has concentrated so much on this segment given that they are the majority within the country. However, the main challenge the organization faces is to motivate this segment in order to increase blood donations. Non-remunerated Blood Donation Segment: This segment contains three main groups; schools individuals aged between 15 and 24, working individuals between age 25 and 24, and the senior donors aged above 55 years. The first two categories of this segment are often influenced by their friends who have donated before. Other ways through which they are motivated to donate include satisfaction in saving another person’s life, the need for acceptance, friendship, and love, and the conviction that some day they will be in the same situation. Reaching the school and working age is usually through internet, school learning programs, word of mouth, mails, and television programs. Notably, such individuals rarely donate blood since their donations depend on donation program in schools, time, and other obligations. The senior donors (aged above 55 years) on the other hand make donating decisions depending on personal

Sales and Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 27

Sales and Distribution - Essay Example The customer creation process also reveals how the SAP system handles the creation of unique customer IDs for new customers. The deep integration of customer data becomes evident as one goes through the process. For instance, the processing of a sales order from a customer involves linking back to a customer quotation that also includes discount data. Entering the quotation number in the system results in the quotation data populating the fields in the sales order screen. It thus becomes apparent that the entire order to cash cycle builds step to step as one proceeds through it. This gives the user an intuitive feel too for how the data is built at the back, and how the data is then re-used and made the basis for subsequent steps. It then also becomes apparent that getting the data right at every step of the process is crucial, because subsequent steps, in this case, the creation of a sales order, relies on accurate data from the quotation step in SAP that preceded it. Moreover, the process also involves integration with the inventory database and this is understood in the following step involving checking the status of the stock. This gives the user an idea of the level of integration of the data on inventories, production and other aspects of the supply chain further up and away from the perspective of processing an order. The cash to order process steps relies on the successful completion of previous steps, moreover, and the SAP system tracks successful completion. The successful delivery then is a prerequisite to the instigation of a successful billing procedure all the way to the creation of the invoice. Moreover, the integration of the data sets is evident in the way a user can track the accounting implications of an order after the creation of an invoice, and the posting of the receipt of payment.

Pick one topic from the attachment, which includes the description of Essay

Pick one topic from the attachment, which includes the description of what the instructor - Essay Example Like a uniformed police officer shows by his dress that he is a police officer. The most important functions of nonverbal communication is to make the speech more effective, to convey emotions, to show attitude and presentation of one’s personality. According to my observation nonverbal communication is used vastly. Nonverbal communication is compiled with other type of communication to get better results. Nonverbal communication plays an important role in a person’s life. Including me, all the persons I observed used nonverbal communication in their speech. Facial expressions and hand gestures are used during my observation. Most of the persons mixed their facial expressions with gestures. In my observation the nonverbal for the return is a moving hand gesture with thumb pointing backwards and commonly known facial expressions for the joy and sorrow with lips lifted up and down. The nonverbal for compliment is an arm and hand gesture with four fingers pointing upward. The results show that most of the persons use hand gestures, eye movement and facial for the nonverbal communication. Most of the people use gestures as nonverbal communication but chronemics has much importance in a nonverbal communication. Chronemics is the usage of time in a nonverbal communication. Chronemics has two distinct time patterns one is monochromic time and the other is polychromic time. If one thing is done in a single space of time is called monochromic time and if more than one thing is done in a single space of time is referred as polychromic time. Paralanguage is also an important factor of a nonverbal communication. In my observation, I found proxemics a little less important. Haptics is a type of nonverbal communication that utilizes sense of touch. It is more important in interacting with animals and where touch is necessary and in dealing with touch based technological materials. Shake hand is an example of haptic communication. In my observation haptic commun ication is in use from centuries to express a person’s feeling and most people will find them incomplete if they don’t find a person to express their emotion through touch. Posture identifies the attention of a person towards a certain mater or towards a person and in my observation it is the most noted nonverbal communication tool. Gesture is a body movement like a wink, a wave of hand or shake of head. Eye movements are considered a method of nonverbal communication that is used to express emotions, rituals and attitude. Eye movements are used for multiple tasks like to show interest, liking and disliking, attention and the how a person is involved in the other person. There is a need to emphasize more on the nonverbal communication in order to interact with other people more emotionally and show our devotion and dedication towards them. Consider a world without the nonverbal communication, you would found it colorless. Touch, posture and eye movements convey such me ssages that cannot be conveyed easily by utilizing verbal communication. If the nonverbal communication would not there, it would be a difficult task for the baby to identify the love of his mother. Nonverbal communication not only gives a person a sense of love but also a sense of reliability, sense of security, and also a sense of care. We see a police officer and consider that we are secured. We see our mother and consider that someone cares for us. I always prefer to read more about a nonverbal behavior of a person. Nonverbal commun

Regulation of Interest Groups by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act Essay

Regulation of Interest Groups by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act - Essay Example The Bipartisan Campaigns Reform Act came along with two unique features that were not covered in the earlier federal act. One requirement of the BCRA was that the amount of soft-money contributions by interest groups be limited during the campaign period. This was effected by instituting federal limits to bar spending or raising of finances that are beyond the preset values. Secondly, this new law defined â€Å"electioneering communications† that required that no corporation would be allowed to fund the advertisements that had to be done 30 days before the primary elections or 60 days before a general election (Campaign Finance Institute, 2006). In addition, the candidates had to declare their names within the advertisement and confirm to have authorized the airing of such an advertisement. The impact of the new law was to minimize the influence that interest groups had maintained in the campaign by either funding the process or contributing to advertisements. Surprisingly, the provisions of these laws have faced a lot of antagonism from numerous federal candidates that have raised concerns regarding the restriction of utilization of financial resources during the campaign period. One issue that has seen many political parties and organization move to court is the pre-BCRA constitutional provision on the ‘527 organizations’ that were not covered adequately in the regulation of soft money spending. The law required that the 527 organizations such as Media Fund and Swift Board Veterans for Truth spend at least 50% of hard money in their campaign expenses while participating in federal campaigns. In 2007, the Federal Election Commission was forced to impose fines on these organizations after they had failed to abide to the financing laws governing the election process. In addition, in 2007, the US Supreme Court overturned the BCRA condition that limited the interest groups from contributing to the financing of media adverts on t he ground that this restriction was unconstitutional. As Boatright (2006) points out, BCRA has received abundant criticism and the public demand is that this law be changed to include more realistic regulation of interest group contributions to the campaign process. From above experience, it's worthy to note that the BCRA has numerous weaknesses that warrant its revision to achieve an effective regulation of interest groups. The United States President, Barack Obama, in 2010 announced the need for US to pass a bill that would restrict financial spending in the campaign period, and particularly the contribution of the specific interest groups. His argument was that the BCRA law is subject to alteration by the Supreme Court as long as this law does not state implicitly the specific amounts that federal candidates would

National Advocacy Paper (political science) Research

National Advocacy (political science) - Research Paper Example Like the Arizona anti-immigration law, the Alabama Bill has been the subject of much debate and controversy. Hammon’s campaign sentiments express the general views of those who support Arizona-style anti-immigration laws. Hammon said: We’ve let this go on too long. Our budget cannot handle it. Our justice system cannot handle all the crime. We want them to stop taking advantage of our benefits (Beyerle 2011). These sentiments reflect the concern that undocumented individuals are taking jobs that American citizens can have. More troubling however, undocumented aliens do not pay income taxes and as a result the government is denied a valuable source of revenue. If American citizens held the jobs that are currently taken by undocumented aliens, their income would be taxed. Complicating matters, undocumented aliens typically send their income to family and loved ones in their countries of origin, thus contributing to or worsening the depressed economy (Langley 2007, p. 19). Ultimately, arguments in favour of anti-immigration laws that mirror the Arizona immigration law and the Alabama Bill take the position that, illegal aliens take away from the economy rather than contribute to it. At the same time, illegal aliens enjoy the benefits that come with contributing to economic growth and tax revenues. The extent of those benefits are manifested by the fact that they live in the US and use facilities supported by tax-payers, such as schools, hospitals, parks, roads and other essential provisions and amenities (Langley 2007, pp. 19-20). As for crime, the Testimony of District Attorney John M. Morganelli befor the House Subcommittee on Immigration Border, Security and Claims reflects the concerns about illegal immigration and crime. Morganelli noted that: The majority of illegal aliens who are here are engaged in criminal activity. Identity theft, use of fraudulent social security numbers and green cards, tax evasion, driving without licenses represent some of the crimes that are engaged in by the majority of illegal aliens on a daily basis merely to maintain and hide their illegal status (The Dark Side of Illegal Immigration, n.d.). There is no denying the authenticity of these concerns. Any time an event or a system of events contributes toward criminal activity and economic decline, it requires immediate attention and resolution. The obvious question is then, why are anti-immigration laws so controversial? Why was there so much debate and controversy over Arizona’s anti-immigration law? Why should these controversies and debates concern Alabama’s law-makers and any other state seeking to resolve the immigration issues identified in the preceding passages? The other side of the argument sheds some light on the contentious issues surrounding the immigration issue. The primary concern for advocates against the Alabama Bill is reflective of the concern expressed against the Arizona Immigration Law. That concern is human r ights issues. As Jason Childs, State Director for the Center for Progress in Alabama stated: These people are not some kind of problem to be dealt with, they’re committed members of our community, they’re human beings with inalienable rights, they have been a tremendous resource for our state (Wolverton 2011). It is unclear how illegal

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Business Environment - Essay Example (Koontz 1984) Gabor (1990) in his analysis has mentioned that the theory of management has developed over the past one-hundred years growing from the time and motion studies of engineers to get influenced by the social movements or events; from a decentralized operation to the concept of looking for the best or supremeoperative mode of an organization or Total Quality Management or TQM. (Gabor, 1990) There are various theories associated with the organizational management and those theories are developed based on functionality of various departments. Those theories are revised with the time depending on various real life examples (incidents of various departments in various organizations) over the world. All those theories have various advantages as well as some limitations. In this paper the focus is to analyze three of the following theories, their applications and most importantly what are their advantages and what are the limitations. The Three theories are: International Product Life cycle theory; Krugman’s First Mover Advantage Theory and Porter’s Diamond model. The life cycle of any product can be divided into four distinct parts namely: introduction phase, growth phase, maturity and decline phase. When any particular product first introduce in the market then the demand for that product remains high as people wants to buy the new product. Soon after the introduction, the product often passes through the growth phase where the sales volume hit the top. Slowly it reaches the maturity phase when the demand and supply meets one point and the product is able to reach its ultimate high in terms of demand. This is the normal product life cycle associated with any product all over the globe. The IPLC or international product life cycle model was first designed by Vernon in the year of 1966. The main objective of this mode was to develop an advanced trade theory beyond David Ricardo’s static framework of comparative advantages which was designed in

Hamlet-sin and salvation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Hamlet-sin and salvation - Essay Example It is the difference between seeing purgatory strictly in the terms of the sins that brought the souls there and that talking about purgatory is a way of asking for salvation from the same. It is two opposing ways of reviewing Ophelia’s suicide. Sin and salvation are present throughout the main conflicts of the play, so sin and salvation, in general, is the main dichotomy of the play. Hamlet is about sin and salvation. One of Hamlet’s sin is his act of killing Polonius, which, in turn, led to Ophelia’s ultimate sin and presumptively usurped her chances for salvation. Hamlet kills Polonius in the Act 3, Scene 4, knowing full well what he was doing. He was in Gertrude’s suite, confronting her about how she could be with her own brother in law, when he heard Polonius’ cry from behind the tapestry. At this point, Hamlet plunges his dagger at the tapestry, pretending to kill a rat, but knowing that Polonius was behind the tapestry and was being murdered. This leads to Ophelia’s sin, in that Ophelia goes mad and kills herself because she was grieving for her father, and she was fragile in general. While non-religious people of today understand that suicide is not necessarily a sin, but, rather, a desperate act of a desperate person, this was not the case in the Elizabethan age, as suicide is considered to be the ultimate in sin. That Ophelia’s suicide was considered to be sinful is evident in both the speeches of the gravedigger who was digging her grave, and the priest who was conducting her funeral. For instance, the gravedigger showed evident disdain for Ophelia for killing herself when he stated that â€Å"the more pity that great folk should have countenance in this world to drown or hang themselves more than their even Christian† (V, i, 24-27). In other words, Ophelia was rich, and allegedly had more freedom to drown herself than the ordinary Christians, implying that most Christians do not have this

Why Teens Cant Sleep Essay Example for Free

Why Teens Cant Sleep Essay Warren Zevon, American songwriter and musician, once said, â€Å"I’ll sleep when I’m dead.† Ironically, sleep is one of the basic functions of life we need to survive. Teenagers take a good night’s sleep for granite, often skipping it for a variety of reasons. However, the body will never be at its peak performance without a good night’s rest. Due to other after school activities, responsibilities, or habits teenagers find themselves in circumstances where they are up late at night missing out on hours sleep. Some of these circumstances that cause sleep deprivation are out of a teen’s control, while others are not. When sports coaches schedule practices late in the evening this often means teens are not going to get a good night’s sleep. This situation is clearly out of a teen’s control as they must respect their coach’s decision. In the beginning of November, the Middletown Football team held a meeting to talk about our practice in preparation for the last game of the season. Because the last football game stretches two weeks into the winter sport season those playing a winter sport and football, such as myself, had to attend both of their practices. Coach Donahue, the football coach, arranged for me to attend wrestling at 2:30pm to 5:30pm then go to football practice 6pm to 8pm. I would not get home until 8:30pm. After eating dinner and finishing homework I was in bed by 11pm. It was then my responsibility to wake up at 5:30am to prepare for school and do it all over again. Having practice scheduled late in the evening deprived me of hours of sleep and it showed as I woul d find myself a sleep during my classes. In addition to late sports practices, a teenager’s part-time job also can lead to sleep deprivation. Some teenagers rely on their job to help support their family or save to support themselves later in college. My best friend, Ylexis, has a part-time job at the Middletown Galleria AMC. She took this job because she needs the money for college. On a regular basis her shift adviser will schedule her to work after school at 4pm to 8pm. She complains to me all the time in the most vitreous tone that she does not get enough sleep because when she gets home she is responsible for preparing dinner for her younger siblings. After completing her homework she is normally in bed at 10pm or later. Because this job deprives her of time she needs to sleep, Ylexis has talked about quitting then taking a year off after high school to work for college.  Perhaps the most common reason for sleep deprivation in teens is also the one in their control: procrastination. Teens tend to put off major assignments that are not due the next day. My friend Jose is a great example. Jose is the biggest Call of Duty fan I have ever known, and it hurt him tremendously in the grade book. He told me when Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 was released, he played online until 1am. As Jose was going to sleep for the night he remembered a two page essay due the next day in Psychology class. Jose scrambled to put what he could together, constructing his essay until five in the morning. Upon turning in the essay the teacher told Jose he looked as though he were going to fall out from exhaustion. Jose received a D- on his essay, and he regrets ever having purchased Call of Duty. There are a variety of circumstances, some in a teen’s control and others that are not, that could cause sleep deprivation. Whether it be a sport, a job, or a bad habit it is vital a teenager get an ample amount of sleep. Sleep is needed to keep the body working efficiently. I do not envy anyone who is caught in all these situations at one time.

The History of Chinese Literature Essay Example for Free

The History of Chinese Literature Essay Writing in China dates back to the hieroglyphs that were used in the Shang Dynasty of 1700 – 1050 BC. Chinese literature is a vast subject that spans thousands of years. One of the interesting things about Chinese literature is that much of the serious literature was composed using a formal written language that is called Classical Chinese. The best literature of the Yuan Dynasty era and the four novels that are considered the greatest classics are important exceptions. However, even during the Qing Dynasty of two hundred years ago, most writers composed in a literary stream that extended back about 2,400 years. They studied very ancient writings in more or less the original written language. This large breadth of time with so many writers living in the various eras and countries makes Chinese literature complex. Chinese literary works include fiction, philosophical and religious works, poetry, and scientific writings. The dynastic eras frame the history of Chinese literature and are examined one by one. The grammar of the written Classical Language is different than the spoken languages of the past two thousand years. This written language was used by people of many different ethnic groups and countries during the Zhou, Qin and Han eras spanning 1050 BC to 220 AD. After the Han Dynasty, the written language evolved as the spoken languages changed, but most writers still based their compositions on Classical Chinese. However, this written language wasn’t the vernacular language even two thousand years ago. The empires and groups of kingdoms of all these eras were composed of people speaking many different native languages. If Europe had a literary history like China’s, it would be as if most European writers until the 20th century always tried to write in ancient Classical Greek that became a dead language more than two millennia ago. Shang Dynasty (about 1700-1050 BC) Development of Chinese Writing The first dynasty for which there is historical record and archaeological evidence is the Shang Dynasty. It was a small empire in northern central China. No documents from that country survive, but there are archaeological finds of hieroglyphic writing on bronze wares and oracle bones. The hieroglyphic writing system later evolved into ideographic and partly-phonetic Chinese characters. Zhou Dynasty (1045-255 BC) Basic Philosophical and Religious Literature The Zhou Dynasty was contemporaneous with the Shang Dynasty, and then they conquered the Shang Dynasty. Their dynasty lasted for about 800 years, but for most of the time, their original territory was broken up into dozens of competing kingdoms, and these finally coalesced into several big and warring kingdoms by the end of the Zhou era. The great literary works of philosophy and religion that became the basis for Chinese religious and social belief stem from what is called the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476) and the Warring States Period (475-221). Taoism, Confucian literature, and other prominent religious and philosophical schools all emerged during these two periods. The Chinese call this simultaneous emergence of religions and philosophies the â€Å"One Hundred Schools of Thought.† Perhaps so many philosophers could write simultaneously because they lived in small kingdoms that supported them. In Chinese history, the dominant rulers generally squelch or discourage philosophical expression that contradict their own, so when there were several small powers, different schools of thought could survive in the land at the same time. The major literary achievements of the Confucian Classics, early Taoist writings, and other important prose works originated in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Zhou Dynasty era. These literary works deeply shaped Chinese philosophy and religion. Confucius is said to have edited a history of the Spring and Autumn Period called the Spring and Autumn Annals (æ˜ ¥Ã§ §â€¹) that shapes Chinese thinking about its history. There were hundreds of philosophers and writers who wrote conflicting documents, and there was discussion and communication. What we know of the literature of this period was mainly preserved after the Qin Dynasty’s book burning and from a few recent archeological finds of records. Probably most of the philosophical and religious works of that time were destroyed. If there were great fictional books created, they have been lost. So the main contributions of this period to Chinese literature were the prose works of the Confucian Classics and the Taoist writings, and preserved poems and songs. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) Literary Disaster and Legalism At the end of the Zhou Dynasty era that is called the Warring States Period, of the surviving few big states in the land, the Qin Dynasty became the most powerful. The Qin Dynasty had big armies and conquered the others. Once the Qin emperor had control, he wanted to keep it, and they squelched any opposition to his authority. In the conquered territories, there were teachers of many different doctrines and religions. A big philosophical and religious school then was called Mohism. They were particularly attacked by the Qin Dynasty, and little is known about it. An early form of Buddhism was also established in China at that time, but their temples and literature were destroyed and even less is known about them. The emperor wanted to reduce the One Hundred Schools of Thought to one that he approved. He ordered the destruction of most books all over the empire. He even killed many Confucian philosophers and teachers. He allowed books on scientific subjects like medicine or agriculture to survive. So the â€Å"Book Burning and Burial of Scholars† was a literary disaster. On the other hand, the Qin Dynasty standardized the written Classical Language. It is said that a minister of the Qin emperor named Li Si introduced a writing system that later developed into modern Chinese writing. Standardization was meant to help control the society. The standardized writing system also helped people all over the country to communicate more clearly. The Qin Emperor favored a philosophical school that was called Legalism (æ ³â€¢Ã¥ ® ¶). This philosophy of course justified the strong control of the emperor and maintained that everyone should obey him. It is thought that Li Si taught that human nature was naturally selfish and that a strong emperor government with strict laws was needed for social order. Li Si’s writings on politics and law and his propagation of this school much influenced the political thinking in the Han Dynasty and later eras. Legalism texts and the standardization of writing were the Qin Dynasty era’s literary contributions. Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) Scientific and Historical Texts A former peasant leader overthrew the Qin Empire. The Han Dynasty era lasted for 400 years. At the beginning of the era, Confucianism was revived. Confucian texts were rewritten and republished. Confucianism was mixed with the Legalism philosophy of Li Si. The resulting ideology was the official ideology of the Han Dynasty and influenced political thinking afterwards. The era’s major contributions were historical texts and scientific works. Sima Qian wrote Historical Records that is a major history concerning the overall history of China from before the Shang Dynasty until the Han Dynasty. The book’s prose was considered a model for writers in succeeding dynastic eras. Another important historical text concerned the Han Dynasty itself. Some scientific texts were also thought to be important for their times, thought it doesn’t seem that the information was widely known or well known afterwards. The Han Dynasty era was one of the two main hotspot eras for scientific and technical advance. But printing wasn’t available for wide publication of the information. During the Eastern Han Dynasty towards the end of the Han era, the influence of the philosophy of the Confucian Classics that hindered scientific progress was waning. So people were more free to pursue invention. Cai Lun (50–121) of the imperial court is said to be the first person in the world to create writing paper, and this was important for written communication at the end of the empire. Finery forges were used in steel making. Two or three mathematical texts showing advanced mathematics for the times were written. The Han Empire disintegrated into warring kingdoms similar to what happened during the Warring States Period before the Qin Dynasty. For several hundred years, dynasties and kingdoms rose and fell in various places, and the next big and long-lasting dynastic empire is called the Tang Dynasty . Tang Dynasty (618-907) Early Woodblock Printing and Poetry The Tang Dynasty had a big empire that benefited from trade with the west along the Silk Road, battled with the Tibetan Empire, and experienced the growing influence of organized Buddhist religions. This era’s main contribution to Chinese literature was in the poetry of Dufu, Li Bai and many other poets. Dufu and Li Bai are often thought of as China’s greatest poets. Li Bai (701–762) was one of the greatest romantic poets of ancient China. He wrote at least a thousand poems on a variety of subjects from political matters to natural scenery. Du Fu (712-770 AD) also wrote more than a thousand poems. He is thought of as one of the greatest realist poets of China. His poems reflect the hard realities of war, dying people living next to rich rulers, and primitive rural life. He was an official in the Tang capital of Chang An, and he was captured when the capital was attacked. He took refuge in Chengdu that is a city in Sichuan Province. It is thought that he lived in a simple hut where he wrote many of his best realist poems. Perhaps more than 1,400 of his poems survive, and his poetry is still read and appreciated by modern Chinese people. Song Dynasty (960-1279) Early Woodblock Printing, Travel Literature, Poetry, Scientific Texts and the Neo-Confucian Classics The next dynasty is called the Song Dynasty. It was weaker than the Tang Dynasty, but the imperial government officials made remarkable scientific and technical advances. Military technology greatly advanced. They traded little with the west due to the presence of warring Muslim states on the old trade routes. There wasn’t territorial expansion, but the empire was continuously attacked by nomadic tribes and countries around them. Their northern territory was invaded, and they were forced to move their capital to southern China. So the era is divided into two eras called the Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279) eras. One of the era’s technological accomplishments was the invention of movable type about the turn of 2nd millennia during the Northern Song period. This helped to spread knowledge since printed material could be published more quickly and chea ply. Travel literature in which authors wrote about their trips and about various destinations became popular perhaps because the texts could be cheaply bought. The Confucian Classics were codified and used as test material for the entrance examination into the elite bureaucracy, advanced scientific texts and atlases were published, and important poems were written. The Confucian Classics were important in China’s history because from the Song Dynasty onwards, they were the texts people needed to know in order to pass an examination for the bureaucracy of China. These Confucian Classics were the Five Classics that were thought to have been penned by Confucius and the Four Books that were thought to contain Confucius-related material but were compiled during the Southern Song era. The Four Books and Five Classics (å››æ› ¸Ã¤ ºâ€Ã§ ¶â€œ) were basically memorized by those who did the best on the exams. In this way, Confucianism, as codified during the Song era, became the dominant political philosophy of the several empires until modern times. Since the bureaucrats all studied the same works on social behavior and philosophy, this promoted unity and the normalization of behavior throughout each empire and during dynastic changes. The scholar-bureaucrats had a common base of understanding, and they passed on these ideas to the people under them. Those who passed the difficult exams were highly respected even if they didn’t receive a ruling post. High education in this system was thought to produce nobility. The Five Classics and Four Books were written in the written Classical Language. The Five Classics include: The Book of Changes, The Classic of Poetry, The Record of Rites that was a recreation of the original Classic of Rites of Confucius that was lost in the Qin book purge, The Classic of History, and The Spring and Autumn Annals that was mainly a historical record of Co nfucius native state of Lu. The Four Books include: The Analects of Confucius that is a book of pithy sayings attributed to Confucius and recorded by his disciples; Mencius that is a collection of political dialogues attributed to Mencius; The Doctrine of the Mean; and The Great Learning that is a book about education, self-cultivation and the Dao. For foreigners who want a taste of this Confucian philosophy, reading the Analects of Confucius is a good introduction since the statements are usually simple and like common sense. Another period of scientific progress and technical invention was the Song era. Song technicians seemed to have made a lot of advancements in mechanical engineering. They made advanced contraptions out of gears, pulleys and wheels. These were used to make big clocks, a mechanical odometer on animal drawn carts that marked land distance by making noise after traveling a certain distance, and other advanced instruments. The Song technicians also invented many uses gunpowder including rockets, explosives and big guns. The imperial court officials did remarkable scientific research in many areas of mechanics and science. Shen Kuo (1031–1095) and Su Song (1020–1101) both wrote scientific treatises about their research and about different fields. Shen is said to have discovered the concepts of true north and magnetic declination towards the North Pole. He also described the magnetic needle compass. If Chinese sailors knew about this work, they could have sailed long distances more accurately. This knowledge would predate European discovery. He did advanced astronomical research for his time. Su Song wrote a treatise called the Bencao Tujing with information on medicine, botany and zoology. He also was the author of a large celestial atlas of five different star maps, and he also made land atlases. Su Song was famous for his hydraulic-powered astronomical clock tower. Sus clock tower is said to have had an endless power-transmitting chain drive that he described in a text on clock design and astronomy that was published in 1092. If this is so, it may be the first time such a device was used in the world. When the Southern Song Empire was conquered by the Mongols, these inventions and the astronomical knowledge may have been forgotten. Another contribution to the literature of China was the poetry of the Song era. A Southern Song poet named Lu is thought to have written almost 10,000 poems. Su Tungpo is regarded as a great poet of the Northern Song era. Here is a stanza he wrote: â€Å"The moon rounds the red mansion Stoops to silk-pad doors Shines upon the sleepless Bearing no grudge Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?† Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) Drama and Great Fictional Novels The Mongols were nomadic people who herded cattle north of the Tang Empire and wandered over a large area fighting on horseback. They believed that they might be able to conquer the world. They easily conquered Persia far to the west. It was a big empire with high technology, a big population and a big army. Then they decided to try to conquer all the countries around them. They attacked the Tang Dynasty, the Dali Kingdom in Yunnan, and much of Asia, and they formed the biggest empire in the history of the earth until then. They conquered Russia, a part of eastern Europe and a part of the Middle East. In China, the Mongols established the very rich Yuan Dynasty. In their camps, the Mongols were entertained by shadow puppet plays in which a lamp cast the shadows of little figurines and puppets on a screen or sheet. In the Yuan Dynasty, puppet drama continued to entertain the rich dynastic courts in vernacular language. Dramatic operatic theaters with human actors speaking in vernacular language was a favorite form of entertainment as well, and some of China’s best dramatic scripts were written then. Also two of the four novels that are generally considered China’s best literary classics were written in vernacular language then. So though the Yuan Empire wasn’t ruled by Chinese, it was an era of some historically renowned dramatic playwrights and novelists who wrote in vernacular language. It is thought that the operatic style of the shadow puppet dramas that entertained the courts influenced the development of the operatic theater style of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan rulers were fabulously wealthy according to historical accounts. They had a vast empire and control of trade in Eurasia. For the royal courts or the rich people, refined music, sound effects and talented singers were employed for shadow plays. The Yuan â€Å"Zaju† style of opera was similar to their shadow pl ays. Perhaps the playwrights adopted the plots and the features. There were exciting plots, elaborate costumes, refined music and singing, action, and dance that the Mongols enjoyed. The music of the Zaju operas was called Yuan Qu (Yuan Music). The language used wasn’t the Classical Language but the vernacular language, so that the theater might be enjoyed by everyone. After the Yuan Dynasty, the operatic style developed into the Painted Faces style of Chinese opera that was popular until modern times. Guan Hanqing is regarded as one of the best playwrights of the times. He wrote Midsummer Snow that was one of the most popular drama pieces. It is a tragedy about an unjustly accused woman who received justice after her death. The Romance of the Western Chamber was written by Wang Shifu. It is considered one of the best romantic dramas ever written in China. Novels were another outstanding achievement of the Yuan era. The novelists influenced the future development of the genre. Two novels are still widely read now and are generally considered two of the four greatest novels in Chinese literature. These are Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was written in vernacular language by Luo Guan Zhong. It is historical fiction about the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms Period. The Three Kingdoms Period was between the Han and Tang eras. Special emphasis is laid on the two famous historical rulers Liu Bei and Cao Cao who were antagonists. It is a long novel with 800,000 words. Water Margin is about the lives and ideals of a group of characters who fought against the corrupt Northern Song Dynasty that the Mongols conquered. It is said it was written in vernacular language by Shi Nai An, but scholars debate about the authorship. Many scholars think that the first 70 chapters were written by Shi Nai An and that the last 30 chapters were written by Luo Guan Zhong who was also the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Novels The Chinese rebelled against the Mongols, and the Ming Dynasty era began about 1368. The Mongols and the Ming government still sometimes fought. Because of this and the presence of Muslim countries in between, trade with the west was reduced to the pre-Yuan level. The Ming initially were interested in exploration, and Muslims whose ancestors arrived during the Yuan Dynasty and who were familiar with seagoing trade were employed to make long voyages to the Indian Ocean, the Middle East and perhaps Africa. Then they became isolationist. It is interesting that a book that is one of the four great classics called Journey to the West about a monk going to India was written during this time of isolation. Maybe the thought of travel to the lands in the west was appealing then. Novels were the era’s main contribution. The Journey to the West is based on the historical journey of a Buddhist to India during the Tang era to learn Buddhist teachings and bring back scriptures and information. In 1629, Xuanzang (602 664) left Changan in 629 and arrived back in Changan in 646. Mythical tales about this journey including the character of an intelligent monkey began to be circulated long before the book was written. The author drew on known tales. Journey to the West is thought to have been published anonymously by Wu Chengen in the 16th century though scholars have doubt about the authorship. The trend in that era was for people to write in Classical Chinese and imitate the literature of the Tang Dynasty and Han Dynasty. However, this book was written in the vernacular. Perhaps because there was a lack of accurate geographical knowledge available to the author, much of the geographical landscape of the story is inaccurate. However, the â€Å"Flaming Mountains† that are near Turpan in Xinjiang are mentioned. Perhaps the author meant to poke fun at Chinese religion because a monkey is said to have defeated a whole army led by Taoist gods, and only the Buddha’s intervention stopped the monkey. The book describes India as a land of gross sin and immorality, and the monk was commissioned by Buddha to help India. The characters in the book are well known to Chinese children, and they often appear in martial arts movies and cartoons. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) Novels and Pre-modern Literature The Manchus invaded the Ming Empire from the north and established the last dynasty called the Qing Dynasty. The Manchus were not Chinese, but they retained the Neo-Confucian governing system of the Song and Ming eras. The Qing Dynasty came under increasing attack from both internal rebellions and foreign countries. In the 19th century, foreign literature and the West became better known. In the middle of this era, the last of China’s four great classic novels was written called Dream of the Red Chamber (ç ´â€¦Ã¦ ¨â€œÃ¥ ¤ ¢); and near the end of the era, modernistic literature developed. The Dream of the Red Chamber also has an uncertain authorship. Like the other three great classic novels, it was written in a vernacular language – the Mandarin language that was the language of the Qing capital. It is probably mostly composed by Cao Xueqin (about 1715-1763) in the middle 1700s, and the first printing of the book was in the late 1700s. It is thought that Cao did not live to see the first printing. It is thought that another person or other people contributed the ending of the story since the original ending of the story was lost. The book has a lot of textual problems, and there are different versions. In a preface to a printed version in 1792, two editors claimed to have put together an ending based on the authors working manuscripts that they had bought from a street vendor. At the end of the Qing Dynasty era, the dynastic rulers came under increasing pressure both from foreign attacks and internal rebellions. Educated Chinese had easier access to foreign literature, and they were more influenced by Western culture. Students started to travel abroad to study, and schools built by missionaries educated tens of thousands of students. There was a general sense of crisis, and intellectuals started translating foreign works on science, politics, and literature. These were popular, and the culture started to change. Some writers produced fiction more like Western fiction. Chinese Literatures Chinese Classical Prose Prose writing in ancient and pre-modern China differed from poetry in that it was less rigidly structured and wasnt like verses in a song or like one of the common styles of poetry. But compared to English prose, literary prose before the year 1900 was often much more formalized. Except for popular novels and theatrical plays, most of the literary prose works were written in the literary Classical Language. This Classical Language utilized the grammar and ancient characters of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) and of the Han Dynasty era (206 BC – 220 AD). Writers sought to imitate the examples of prose in ancient philosophical and religious books such as Mencius (Ã¥ ­Å¸Ã¥ ­ ) and Zhuang Zi (莊å ­ ). These old texts that were thought to date from about 600 BC to 200 BC were thought to contain examples of careful and well-reasoned discourses and be examples of good organization and style. During the Han Dynasty era (206 BC – 220 AD), a more formalized style of prose writing appeared that was called Piantiwen (é § ¢Ã© «â€Ã¦â€"‡) or parallel prose style. But in the Tang and Song eras, people started to write in the less formal and more ancient style called Guwen (Ã¥  ¤Ã¦â€"‡) of the Warring States era. So classical prose can be divided into three types called Piantiwen style, Guwen style, and the vernacular style used in operatic dramas and in the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature. For about 2,000 years after the Qin Dynasty era (221-206 BC), Chinese writers had a constraint that European writers generally didnt face after the Renaissance. Chinese writers generally needed to write in a common literary language that wasnt their native language or a vernacular language anywhere. The ancient languages of the Warring States Period were extinct. But writers had to maintain the grammar and the use of the vocabulary. In some ways, this is similar to how educated Europeans wrote in Latin until the Renaissance era. During the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), the emperor ordered that all texts other than those of a philosophy called Legalism and some sciences that he favored be destroyed. There was a Book Burning and the Burial of Scholars. They effectively destroyed several religions and philosophical schools and much ancient literature. During the Han era, people tried to reconstruct and preserve what was lost. What emerged as important were works attributed to Confucius, Mencius, Zhuang Zi, Lao Zi, and a few other philosophers. Mencius whose book was considered one of the major texts of Confucianism was said to have elegant diction, and Zhuang Zi whose text was one of the two pillars of the school of Daoism that emerged in the Han era showed how to use anecdotes and all egories effectively. Chinese writers tried to copy their styles. The example of the style from the pre-Qin era was said to be simple and direct. Ouyang XiuIn the Han era, a variant style was developed that was called Piantiwen (é § ¢Ã© «â€Ã¦â€"‡). This style wasnt as clear or precise, but it was florid, ornate and rigid. The Piantiwen style was popular for several hundred years afterwards. During the late Tang era (618-907), two prominent officials tried to reintroduce the earlier style called Guwen. Han Yu (768–824) and Liu Zongyuan tried to teach others to use Guwen. They are considered two of the great prose masters of the Tang and Song eras. But the Tang Dynasty fell and was replaced by the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD). During the Song Dynasty, another literati named Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) helped to revive writing in the Guwen style. This neoclassical style dominated prose writing for the next 800 years. It was the writing system of rulers in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1645-1912) eras. In order to gain entrance into the bur eaucracy during the Ming and Qing eras, candidates had to pass the imperial qualifying examination. The exam material was the 9 Classics of Neo-Confucianism as was codified in the Song era. The Four Books and Five Classics (å››æ› ¸Ã¤ ºâ€Ã§ ¶â€œ) were basically memorized by those who did the best on the exams. These works contained the style of writing the literati wished to imitate. After the fourteenth century, vernacular fiction became popular. This may be because the invention of printing allowed the works to be more widely published. In the Yuan (1279-1368), Ming and Qing eras, four novels were published that are considered the best in Chinese history. The four novels are often called the Four Classics in China. All four were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the literary Classical Language. These four novels all have disputed authorship. They are: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms that is said to have been written by Luo Guan Zhong during the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368); Water Margin that is said to be written by Shi Nai An during the Yuan era; Journey to the West that is thought to have been published anonymously by Wu Chengen during the Ming Dynasty era (1368-1644); and The Dream of the Red Chamber was said to be written by Cao Xueqin (1715-1763) during the Qing Dynasty era (1644-1911). The writers wrote in different languages, but vernacular prose can be called the third type of classical prose writing. Chinese Poetry Poetry has been a favorite literary genre for thousands of years. Poetry isnt taken very seriously in the West, especially in the last two hundred years, but Chinese ancient poetry is still read and ancient Chinese poets are honored. The greatest poets are thought to have lived a thousand years ago or more during the Tang (618-907), Song (960-1279) and Han (206 BC – 220 AD) dynastic eras. Du Fu, Li Bai and Su Shi are considered among the best ancient poets, and there are five major kinds of major ancient poetic styles called Shi, Ci, Ge, Qu and Fu. The very ancient poetry that was written a thousand or more years ago was simpler and about common things like love, romance and nature that people appreciate. Though much poetry was written in the eras following the Song Dynasty (960-1279), it is thought that the poets became increasingly erudite, academic and esoteric so that modern Chinese cant appreciate the style and meaning. Since the Chinese have a character-based writing system instead of an alphabetic system, though the languages have changed, modern Chinese can still read a lot of the ancient poetry. Since the pronunciation of words has changed a lot, often the rhymes or tonal rhythms are lost for poems that rhymed or had tonal patterns. But the meanings of the characters havent changed much, though modern readers may interpret the words to mean something other than the ancient author intended. Nuances and connotations may be lost. Since old poems remain and modern Chinese can understand them to some extent, they are still appreciated. Five Kinds of Poems 1. Shi è © © Shi poems are composed of couplets. They are poems of two more coupled lines. The two lines of a couplet usually rhyme and match rhythmically and complement each other tonally. Modern Mandarin only has five tones, but ancient languages usually had more, so the tonal rhythms are generally lost. 2. Ci è ©Å¾ Ci poetry can be described as poems that have patterns of syllables and tonal patterns. In making a Ci poetry, a poet chooses words that fit a specific pattern. These patterns may have once been part of a song. But the music has been lost. There are various patterns that provided affective settings for various effects or moods. 3. Ge æ ­Å' The word ge means song. Ge poems are the words to a song that can be sung. There were folk songs as well as songs composed by the literate and educated composers. 4. Qu æ› ² When the Mongols conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), they brought with them their own style of music and forms of entertainment. They especially liked to watch shadow puppet theaters that were puppet plays of little manipulated figurines and puppets illuminated by a lamp so that the shadows fell against a screen. It is thought that the form of operatic drama of the Yuan Dynasty imitated their shadow play theaters. The style of music and song in the operas was called Yuan Qu or Mongol Music. The songs from the operas and popular songs were a poetic style called Qu that was also popular in later eras. The poetic style is freer of form. 5. Fuè ³ ¦ A fifth major style of poetry is called Fu. These are descriptive poems that contain both prose and couplets. These were popular about 1,500 years to 2,000 years ago. Often poets included rare or unusual written characters from preceding eras in their poems.

Economics of International Marketing

Economics of International Marketing Gibbie Yapsen Handadilla (DBM)Student ID : 1409012060 Brian Junaldo Honoris (DBM)Student ID : 1409012075 Objective We make this report in order to do a deep research on global marketing and understanding on the importance of international marketing Acknowledgement We would like to thank EASB for letting us to write this report and also Ms. Roszana for guiding and teaching us through this module and this report. Without their help, we may not reach this point. Introduction Global marketing refers to marketing activities coordinated and integrated across multiple country markets. (Jonny K. Johansson 2000) International marketing often used in some big companies. International marketing itself has big impact on world’s economy. In this assessment, our aim is to critically analyze on economics of international marketing. Questions to be answered There are 4 (four) questions that we will discuss on this report Evolution to International Marketing Elements of International Marketing Advantages and Disadvantages of International Marketing Economics of International Trade Evolution to International Marketing Because of today’s globalization, international marketing has become really popular. There are many changes or we can say evolution within companies around the world and also in international marketing. There are some stages in international marketing for those who are globalizing. Domestic Marketing As we can see from the word domestic which means inside a particular country. At this stage, companies’ marketing scope is only within one country. Usually, companies at this stage are only influencing local markets. They usually seldom to pay attention in the world’s market change or other foreign market competition. International Marketing From the domestic stage, evolve to the next stage which is international marketing. International marketing is almost the same with the domestic marketing. At this stage, companies have their factory to manufacture product in their own country but they focus their marketing into some particular countries. For example, FN beverage manufacturer from Singapore, the manufacturing happens in Singapore but their market isn’t only in Singapore but in other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, etc. Global Marketing There are only few companies which get to this level. At this stage, the marketing scope is much bigger than international marketing stage. The reason is that in global marketing, companies have their manufacturers spread all around the world, that’s why it is called â€Å"global†. Elements of International Marketing The elements of global marketing is what they called marketing mix. Marketing mix is about 4 P’s, product, price, place, and promotion. The next following paragraphs are about 4 P’s and the definition. First of all, product is usually what comes in mind to companies. Without product, the others are not going to follow. Companies are needed to make products which satisfy the customers’ needs. For example, many beverage companies are competing in satisfying their customers by producing new products which their customers’ needed. Secondly, pricing is needed as the second 4 P’s. Price is always affected by the demands in every market. With good pricing, the attraction from the products will attract customers. That’s why pricing is one important element in international marketing. Next, locating the right place to sell the products is so much important. One cannot sell something expensive in a poor country. So one needs to locate the right place to sell the right product as well. By evaluating the customers demand of a particular place then place the product there. Finally, promotion is the last thing to make it succeed. After we manufacture the product, give the right price, place it in the right market, promoting the product is needed to let people know that one already starting to sell the product. Of course, with the correct promotion will get you bigger attraction from the customers. To sum up, there are 4 elements of international marketing and they are product, price, place, and promotion. Each of the elements support the others. So, in order to succeed in international marketing, these elements are needed as the base of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of International Marketing Advantages International marketing is the process of overseas advertising of the products that a company sells. International marketing provides a host of benefits to a business, from helping to broaden the customer base to improving the reputation of the brand. Understanding these advantages can help businesses of all sizes to plan their international sales strategies and to focus their customer service efforts. The first advantage of international marketing will be brand reputation. By doing international marketing, a company can get brand reputation which depends on the company’s product. If the company can sell good products around the world, the brand reputation will arise, and people will recognize it more. The next one will be market expansion. It is the most obvious advantage because company who does international marketing will expand their market scope from local to international. With market expansion, company may know well about other people demands and can evaluate other competitors so they can improve the products and learn more. The last one is global networking. Just like before, by going to the global market, company can know new customers and new demands which can be used to improve the products. Disadvantages The first one will be the cultures. Different cultures can be a problem for some local companies which are new to global markets. They need to adjust the culture with others. For example, instant food company. They cannot sell pork flavored-food to host country which mainly are Muslim. The next disadvantage is the government law. For some countries which have a strict law, companies may find difficulties when trying to sell their products there. Some country banned Marijuana, but some other country allow Marijuana to be in market. That will be one example for companies to sell marijuana in some strict countries. Lastly is marketing mix. Company might have to develop a totally different marketing mix for its product in host country than in home country which will incur cost. Which means in home country will incur cost for host country. Like host country will get tax for import goods from home country. Economics of International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. It is the presupposition of international trade that a sufficient level of geopolitical peace and stability are prevailing in order to allow for the peaceful exchange of trade and commerce to take place between nations. Trade is not a modern invention. International trade today is not qualitatively different from the exchange of goods and services that people have been conducting for thousands of years. Before the widespread adoption of currency, people exchanged goods and some services through bartering or trading a certain quantity of one good or service for another good or service with the same estimated value. With the emergence of money, the exchange of goods and services became more efficient. Developments in transportation and communication revolutionized economic exchange, not only increasing its volume but also widening its geographical range. As trade expanded in geographic scope, diversity, and quantity, the channels of trade also became more complex. International trade today differs from economic exchange conducted centuries ago in its speed, volume, geographic reach, complexity, and diversity. However, it has been going on for centuries, and its fundamental character–the exchange of goods and services for other goods and services or for money remains unchanged. Recommendation In doing international marketing, we must care about the elements of the international marketing first, especially for business managers or professionals. Learn about the pros and cons so that one can make decision rightfully. Conclusion To sum up everything, there are a lot of points in this report. There has been a lot of evolution through international marketing. There are also some important elements in international marketing as well as the advantages and disadvantages that we may get from international marketing. Therefore, as an international business professional, we have to examine everything first and then we can make a good decision. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_marketing http://www.scribd.com/doc/86216521/INTERNATIONAL-MARKETING-EVOLUTION-TO-GLOBAL-AND-INTERNATIONAL-MARKETING#scribd http://www.indiastudychannel.com http://www.marketingteacher.com/what-is-international-marketing/ http://www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/international-marketing.html http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/part/21/103/473 http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-marketing-internationally-61158.html http://www.translatemedia.com/international-marketing http://cindyking.biz/4-success-elements-for-international-business-development/ http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Inc-Mail/International-Marketing.html Declaration By signing this declaration, the group has agreed to the appraisal of this report ________________ (Name / Signature) ________________ (Name / Signature) Page 1 | 15

Free Will in Shooting an Elephant and Antigone :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Free Will in Shooting an Elephant and Antigone Free will can be defined as: â€Å"The right, given to humans by God, to make their own decisions.† A mans free will cannot be destroyed by any power other than God. Humans can always exercise their free will when making decisions. However, when their decisions come in conflict with the laws set by a higher power, they might face consequences based on how they choose to use their free will. The more restrictions imposed upon someone’s free will the more restricted their ability to make decisions become. The extent to which someone may exercise their free will can be defined as their â€Å"freedom.† Therefore, the more laws imposed upon someone’s free will the more restricted their freedom. Although no power, save God, can destroy free will, they can limit and even destroy someones freedom. In the essay Shooting an Elephant George Orwell argues that, â€Å"when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys† (Orwell, 704). Fr ee will is indestructible; an example of Orwell’s destruction of freedom but preservation of free will is given in his essay. In Antigone an example of how even though higher powers can limit your decisions they cannot stop you from exercising your free will. According to Orwell his freedom was destroyed when he took on the role of the tyrant. His job was that of a sub-divisional police officer in Lower Burma. A crisis arose in which he was faced with a hard decision to make. An elephant had gone on a rampage in the village and had destroyed countless huts and killed a man. When Orwell came upon the elephant it was clear to him that it had calmed down and that the elephant would cause no more harm to anyone. Orwell was faced with a decision: he could either shoot the beast or wait until his master came to get him. However, this decision was made much more complicated. Orwell was surrounded by two thousand Burmans who, as Orwell said, â€Å"were watching me as they would watch a conjurer about to perform a magic trick.† Although the Burmans were all underneath him and subject to him, he was very concerned about what they thought he should do. He was so concerned in fact he concluded that he had to do as they wished of him.

The Philosophy of Education :: Educating Teaching Learning Essays

The Philosophy of Education In this philosophy I will talk about the goals of teaching and ways to accomplish them. Also I will describe how I feel about public education, what kind of teacher is the best, and what school system works the best because of social skills and such. The disciplining of students is also discussed because it is a touchy yet very important topic. Public education is the most important form of education. It provides people with the common ability of social skills. Which can not be replaced with home school. Home school does not provide the amount of people and the situations that are presented to you at a public school. Some would argue that private school is better but not me. There is not enough difference in people they are to regulated and there is not the diversity of people. Such as in public schools I could where a pair of jeans and a tee shirt but in public school there is most likely a uniform code. That does not give you the difference of people and their attitude on life. It also lessens student’s opportunity to see how someone else expresses their lifestyle and how they grew up. Those are the people who you deal with in the real world so it is only right and vital that you deal with those types of people when you are young. If you have never experienced people than it is hard to buy, sel l, or even talk to people with whom you do not know or even understand. The purpose of education is to have the knowledge that will allow you to be successful and provide for your family. It is most important to start at a young age. That is when you learn the most. When you are young you can learn things without even trying it flows to you as if you had some weird power but it is just the fact that your brain has such a craving and is in a quest for all of the knowledge it can handle.

Similarities and Differences in the Two Poems, Cousin Kate and The Sedu

The two narrative poems, ‘Cousin Kate’ and ‘The Seduction’ have a number of similarities between them, such as the poems are both based on love and the misuse of women. However, the two poems are also very different in some ways. For instance, the reactions to love vary in the poems. ‘Cousin Kate’ was set in the 1860’s and ‘The Seduction’ was set in the 1970’s, therefore, the poems are set one hundred years apart from each other. It is due to this that they have many differences between them. The difference in time contributes to the language that the poems have been written in. The two poems are also set in different areas. ‘Cousin Kate is set in the rural countryside, and ‘The Seduction’ is set in an urban area. An example of a difference is the way their emotions and views on love are presented. For the reason that the poems are set in different centuries, people thought of love differently, they did have the same morals or reactions to the pregnancies. ‘Cousin Kate’ was written by a female poet called Christina Rossetti. The poem is divided into six stanzas. It consists of an abcb rhyming scheme. For instance, the poet has rhymed ‘air and fair’. The rhyming of the words allows the poem to be read fluently and in a rhythmic pattern. The poem could be sing-songed to seem more interesting to listen to. This poem consists of three main characters – the Cottage Maiden, Cousin Kate and the Great Lord. The three characters have three very diverse personalities in the poem. The poem is written in the first person, from the Cottage Maiden’s point of view, therefore, she is describing her feelings throughout the poem. On the other hand, you can only observe Cousin Kate and the Great Lord through the Cottage Maiden’s eyes and conseq... ...to live. Ultimately, as well as having their differences, the poems are very alike. They both have the same moods throughout the poem – anger, sadness and betrayal. The themes are also comparable – betrayal, respect, pain and love. However, they are different because of the way the poems have been written. ‘The Seduction’ is more like a story, going through the different stages in her life. Whereas, ‘Cousin Kate’ could be seen like a diary, the Cottage Maiden is talking about her feelings and emotions about different aspects of her life. I think that both of the poems succeed in what the poet set out to do. In ‘Cousin Kate’ I experienced the emotions the Cottage Maiden encountered. In ‘The Seduction’ I saw how inconsequential the girl’s life was to the boy. She was not ready to be a woman, but she had no choice. I felt the loneliness and betrayal she experienced.

Major Games in Amateur Sport Essay

â€Å"The world of major sports events is a dynamic, evolving and growing industry (like the business of sport itself), with an increasing number of major world events†¦ broadcasting rights and cut throat competition to be the host.† (Gratton et al, 2001, 63)   The Deaflympics program will present 20 different competitive events in the following summer disciplines: †¢ Athletics – Track and Field: †¢ Badminton: Team competition/Men's and Women's singles /Men's and Women's doubles /Mixed doubles †¢ Basketball – Team tournament for men and women. †¢ Beach Volleyball – Team tournament for men and women. †¢ Bowling – Singles – Six games /Doubles – Six games /Trios  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Six games /Team (5 players) †¢ Cycling Road – Sprint /Individual Time Trial /Road Race /Points Race †¢ Football – Team tournament for men and women. †¢ Handball – Team tournament for men and women. †¢ Judo †¢ Karate †¢ Taekwondo – Men Women †¢ Orienteering – Long Event /Relay Event /Sprint Event †¢ Shooting – Free Rifle prone /Free Rifle three positions /Air Rifle /Free Pistol /Rapid Fire Pistol †¢ Swimming – Freestyle / Backstroke/Breaststroke /Butterfly Individual Medley Team relay †¢ Table Tennis – Men's and Women's singles /Men's and Women's doubles /Men's and Women's teams /Mixed doubles/ †¢ Tennis – Men's and Women's singles /Men's and Women's doubles /Mixed doubles †¢ Volleyball – Team tournament for men and women. †¢ Water Polo- Team tournament for men only. †¢ Wrestling Freestyle -The  wrestling competitions will consist of the following events (men only): †¢ Wrestling Greco-Roman men only The â€Å"bid to host† process involves two critical steps.   The Initial applications must be submitted to the International Olympic Committee.   Procedural contact via the IOC will be made with the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf. However, protocol indicates that final decision remains with the oversight sanctioning body of The Summer and Winter  Deaflympics, the International Olympic Committee. â€Å"The increasing complexity of the relationship between a greater number of public and private actors has challenged the political and institutional capacity of the state to steer the policy choices affecting society and the economy.†Ã‚   (Budd et al, 2004, 12) The national and local level participation requires an official application from the â€Å"Applicant City.†Ã‚     Known as the candidature acceptance procedure, a questionnaire in Phase One of the bid process is submitted to the IOC. The collaboration between the local sponsors, city officials and bid committee benefit from a complete overview of organizing the Deaflympics and of what will be expected from them should they be selected as Candidate Cities and reach Phase Two of the procedure. Venue selection for each sport must meet the following general criteria. However the most important and over whelming factor is broadcast access.   â€Å"The struggle for control over Olympic communication is centered on television, the medium largely responsible for transforming the modern Olympic movement.† (Larson et al, 1993, 65) On a secondary yet vital level, the type and condition of the competition surface or field of play, seating capacity and format, number of locker rooms, training amenities, equipment storage, sports shops, concession stands, public address and multi media system, box office, press facilities, communications, parking/handicap access, scheduling, medical facilities and advertising. Upon selection, a second standard specific to the sport will be evaluated. Ever more policy makers view telecommunications as a strategic resource hence the financial foundation of the bid is paramount to success of the games. (Read et al, 1996, 9) To ensure the security of athletes, coaches, and fans the need for professional security support, trained staff and volunteers, communication equipment, local, national and international media, accreditation, VIP room and services.   Most importantly liability and cancellation insurance, physician(s) on-site, first aid facilities on-site, emergency medical services, strategies for injuries and an emergency evacuation strategy must be in place. Critical to the planning and implementation to the plan require participation from local communities by actively attending the games and using their purchasing power. All local and state wide sport organizations will provide professional help with the operational aspects of the events. Regarding sports issues, â€Å"it is necessary to have some appreciation of the structure of government, the development and organization of sport and the dominant pattern of policy-making.†   (Houlihan, 1997, 22) The ï€  Municipal Government, local and state wide business community together with state wide corporate sponsors must provide the fund raising mechanism to initiate the application process, maintain operational support thru to the completion of the games. Gratton, Chris Sport in the City: The Role of Sport in Economic and Social Regeneration.Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 2001. Page Number: 63. Budd, Adrian, Sport and International Relations: An Emerging Relationship. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2004. Page Number: 112. Larson, James F., Global Television and the Politics of the Seoul Olympics. Publisher: Westview Press. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. Publication Year: 1993. Page Number: 65. Houlihan, Barrie Sport, Policy, and Politics: A Comparative Analysis. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1997. Page Number: 22. Read, William H. Telecommunications Strategy for Economic Development. Publisher: Praeger Publishers. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1996. Page Number: 9.      

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 6

Elena was using solely her immense talents at negotiation to calm dull d possess, encouraging him to order a secondly and third Belgian waffle blithe at him crossways the table. that it wasnt a great deal good. matted was moving as if he were driven to rush, magic spell at the analogous sentence he couldnt baffle his eyeb any slay her.Hes still imagining Damon swooping down and terrorizing both(preno(prenominal)inal) young little girl, Elena view helplessly.Damon wasnt t here when they stepped give away of the coffee shop. Elena saw the frown amid rail motor automobiledinal-dimensionalitys eyebrows begin and had a brainstorm.Why dont we take the Jag to a gived- simple machine dealership? If were t single ending to give up the Jaguar, I compliments your advice on what we asidesmart in return.Yeah, my advice on beat-up, falling-apart heaps has got to be the opera hat, mo nononous express, with a wry smile that say he knew Elena was managing him, al peer less(a) he didnt idea.The single gondola dealership in the town didnt wager in truth promising. But evening it was not as depressed- feel as the owner of the good deal. Elena and vapid embed him asleep privileged a splendid office building with galling windowpanes. monotonous tapped gently on the smudged window and eventually the man started, jerked up in his chair, and angrily waved them away.But phlegm tapped all over again on the window when the man began to range his spot down once more(prenominal)(prenominal), and this time the man sat up real slowly, gave them a look of bitter despair, and came to the door.What do you motivation? he demanded.A trade-in, Matt say loudly before Elena could take it softly.You teenagers claim a car to trade, the smaller man said tenebriously. In all my twenty years owning this place Look. Matt stepped covering to reveal the life analogous inflamed Jag shining in the daybreak sun uniform a large ruddiness on whe els. A new Jaguar XZR. Zero to sixty in 3.7 seconds A 550-horsepower supercharged AJ-V8 GEN III R engine with 6-speed ZF automatic transmission ad practicedive Dynamics and Active Differential for exceptional(a) traction and handling There is no car like the XZR Matt absolute nose to nose with the little man, whose blab out had slowly come open as his look flickered between the car and the boy.You indispensability to trade that in for something on this lot? he said, shocked into frank disbelief. As if Id generate the cash to waitaminute he break himself. His eye halt flicke bounce and became the eyeball of a poker player. His shoulders came up, just his train didnt, braggy him the appearance of a vulture.Dont fatality it, he said flatly and make as if to go back into the office.What do you mean you dont want it? You were drooling over it a minute ago Matt shouted, and the man had stopped wincing. His normal didnt change.I should harbour done the talking, Elena tho ught. I wouldnt have gotten into a war from word one but its overly late now. She attempt to shut out the male vocalisations and looked at the dilapidated cars on the lot, each with its own dusty little sign close in into the windshield 10 PERCENT rack up FOR XMAS EASY CREDIT CLEAN GRANNY-OWNED extra NO DOWN-PAYMENT CHECK IT OUT She was afeard(predicate) she was press release to burst into weeping at any second.No call for a car like that around here, the owner was saying expressionlessly. Whod buy it?Youre crazy This car will bring customers flocking in. Its its advertising pause than that discolor hippo over thither. non a hippo. San elephant.Who put forward tell, with it half collapse like that?With dignity, the owner stalked over to look at the Jag. Not brand-new. Sgot too many miles on it.It was bought only two weeks ago.So? In a hardly a(prenominal) more weeks, Jaguar will be advertising next years cars. The owner waved a hand at Elenas giant rise of a vehic le. Obsolete.ObsoleteYeah. Big car like this, gas guzzler Its more energy efficient than a cross You think people know that? They recognise it Look, I could take this car anyplace else Then take it. On my lot, here and now, that car is b arly worth one car in exchange dickens cars.The new character came from directly bottom Matt and Elena, but the car dealers eye widened as if he had just seen a ghost.Elena turned and met Damons unfathomable moody gaze. He had his Ray-Bans hooked over his T-shirt and was stand up with his detainment foundation his back. He was looking hard at the car dealer.A few moments passed, and thenThesilver Prius in the back serious corner. Under below the awning, the car dealer said slowly, and with a dazed expression in do to no question that had been asked aloud. Illtake you on that point, he added in a voice to match his expression.Take the keys with you. Let the boy test-drive it, Damon ordered, and the owner fumbled to show a key ring at his belt, and then walked slowly away, staring(a) at nothing.Elena turned to Damon. One guess. You asked him which was the best car on his lot.Substitute to the lowest degree disgusting and youd be closer, Damon said. He flashed a lustrous smile at her for a tenth part of a second, and then turned it off.But, Damon, wherefore two cars? I know its more fair and all, but what are we sledding to do with the second car?Caravan, Damon said.Oh, no. But even Elena could see the benefits of this at least after they held a treetop to decide on a revolution schedule between the cars for Elena. She sighed. Well if Matt agreesMutt will agree, Damon said, looking very briefly very briefly as innocent as an angel.What have you got behind your back? Elena said, deciding not to watch over the question of what Damon intended to do to Matt.Damon smiled again, but this time it was an odd smile, just a quirk of one side of his mouth. His eyes said it was nothing oftentimes. But his right h and came out and it was holding the some beautiful rose Elena had ever seen in her life.It was the deepest red rose she had ever seen, notwithstanding there wasnt a hint of purple to it it was just velvety burgundy, and open at exactly the moment of full bloom. It looked as if it would be plush to the touch, and its vivid spirt stem, with just a few fragile leaves here and there, was at least xviii inches recollective and straight as a ruler.Elena resolutely put her own hands behind her back. Damon wasnt the sentimental type even when he got on his Princess of the Night soapbox. The rose probably had something to do with their journey.Dont you like it? Damon said. Elena ability be imagining it, but it almost sounded as if he were disappointed.Of course I like it. Whats it for?Damon settled back. Its for you, Princess, he said, looking hurt. Dont get under ones skin I didnt steal it.No he wouldnt have stolen it. Elena knew exactly how he would have gotten the rosebut it wa s so beautiful.As she still make no move to take the rose, Damon lifted it and allowed the composed, silky-feeling petals to kiss her cheek.It made her shiver. Stop it, Damon, she murmured, but she didnt see to be able to step backward.He didnt stop. He used the cool, softly murmurous petals to outline the other side of her face. Elena took a deep breath automatically, but what she smelled was not flowerlike at all. It was the smell of some dark, dark wine, something ancient and fragrant that had once made her drunk immediately. Drunk on dense Magic and on her own heady excitementjust to be with Damon. But that wasnt the real me, a small voice in her head protested. I bed Stefan. DamonI wantI want toDo you want to know why I got this particular rose? Damon was saying softly, his voice blending in with her memories. I got it because of its create. Its a Black Magic rose.Yes, Elena said simply. Shed known that before he said it. It was the only find that fit.Now Damon was gi ving her a rose kiss by swirling the blossom in a traffic circle on her cheek and then applying pres incontestable. The firmer petals in the middle pressed into her skin, while the outmost petals just brushed it.Elena was feeling understandably light-headed. The day was warm and humid already how could the rose feel so cool? Now the outermost petals had moved to watch over her lips, and she wanted to say no, but somehow the word wouldnt come.It was as if she had been transported back in time, back to the days when Damon had for the first time appeared to her, had first claimed her for his own. When she had almost let him kiss her before she knew his name.He hadnt changed his ideas since then. Vaguely, Elena remembered thinking something like that before. Damon changed other people while remain unchanged himself.But Ive changed, Elena thought, and suddenly there was quicksand under her feet. Ive changed so much since then. nice to see things in Damon Id never imagined could b e there. Not just the wild and aggravated dark parts, but the gentle parts. The reinforce and decency that were trapped like veins of gold inside that stone boulder in his mind.I have to help him, Elena thought. Somehow, I have to help him and the little boy chain outside the boulder.These thoughts had trickled slowly with her mind while it seemed separated from her body. She was so mired with them, in fact, that she somehow bewildered run of her body, and only now did she realize how much closer Damon had gotten. Her back was against one of the sad, sag cars. And Damon was speaking lightly, but with an undertone of seriousness.A rose for a kiss, then? he asked. It is called Black Magic, and I did come by it honestly. Her name wasit wasDamon stopped, and for a moment a look of intense bewilderment flashed across his face. Then he smiled, but it was the warriors smile, the brilliant one he turned on and off almost before you were sure you had seen it. Elena sensed trouble. S ure, Damon still didnt remember Matts name correctly, but she had never known him to block up a girls name when he was unfeignedly nerve-racking to remember. Especially within transactions of when he must have feed from that girl.Shinichi again? Elena wondered. Was he still victorious Damons memories only the highlights, of course? The thrills, good or spoiled? Elena knew that Damon himself was thinking the same thing. His black eyes were smoldering. Damon was furious but there was a certain vulnerability some his fury.Without thinking, Elena put her hands on Damons forearms. She disregard the rose, even as he traced the dilute of her cheekbone with it. She tried to speak steadily. Damon, what are we going to do?That was the scene that Matt walked in on. Ran in on, actually. He came twist through a maze of cars, and hasten around a white SUV with one flat tire, shouting, Hey, you guys, that Prius isAnd then he stopped dead.Elena knew what he was seeing Damon caressing her with the rose, while she was practically embracing him. She let go of Damons arms, but she couldnt back away from him because of the car behind her.Matt Elena began, and then her voice trailed off. She had been about to say This isnt what it looks like. Were not in the middle of a cuddle. Im not truly touching him. But this was what it looked like. She cared about Damon she had been set abouting to get through to him.With a small shock, that thought repeated itself with the force of a shaft of sunlight shooting through an unprotected vampires body.She cared about Damon.She unfeignedly did. It was normally difficult being with him because they were alike in so many ways. Headstrong, each wanting their own way, passionate, impatientShe and Damon were alike.Small shocks were going though Elena, and her entire body matte up weak. She found herself glad to lean against the car behind her, even though it must be getting dust all over her clothes.I love Stefan, she thought almo st hysterically. Hes the only one I love. But I need Damon to get to him. And Damon may be falling to pieces in front of me.She was looking at Matt all the while, her eyes full of tears that would not fall. She blinked, but they stubbornly stayed on her lashes.Matt she whispered.He said nothing. He didnt need to. It was all in his expression astonishment turning to something Elena had never seen before, not when he was looking at her.It was a sort of alienation that shut her out plumply, that severed any bonds between them.Matt, no But it came out in a whisper.And then, to her astonishment, Damon spoke.You do know its all me, dont you? You can hardly blame a girl for trying to defend herself. Elena looked at her hands, which were shudder now. Damon was going on, You know its all my fault. Elena would never That was when Elena realized. Damon was Influencing Matt.No She took Damon off guard, grabbing him again, shaking him. Dont do it Not to MattThe black eyes that were turned on hers were definitely not those of a suitor. Damon had been interrupted in the use of his Power. If it had been anyone else, they would have ended as a small spot of grease on the ground.Im saving you, Damon said coldly. Are you refusing me?Elena found herself wavering. Maybe, if it was only once, and only for Matts benefitSomething surged up inside her. It was all she could do not to let her aura escape completely.never try that on me again, Elena said. Her voice was peace of mind but icy. Dont you dare ever try to Influence me And leave Matt onlySomething like approval flickered in the never-ending darkness of Damons gaze. It was gone before she could be sure shed seen it. But when he spoke, he seemed less distant.All right, he said to Matt. Whats the game plan now? You name it.Matt answered slowly, not looking at either of them. He was flushed but deadly calm. I was going to say, that Prius isnt bad at all.And the dealer guy has other(prenominal) one. Its in okay condition. We could have two cars just alike.And then we could caravan and schism up if someone was following us They wont know which to follow. Normally Elena would have propel her arms around Matt at this point. But Matt was looking at his shoes, which was probably just as easy really, since Damon had his eyes shut and was shaking his head slightly as if he couldnt imagine something idiotic.Thats right, Elena thought. Its my aura or Damons that theyre homing in on. We cant confuse them with selfsame(a) cars unless we have identical auras, too.Which really meant that she should drive with Matt the livelong way. But Damon would never accept that. And she requisite Damon to get to her beloved, her one and only, her true friction match Stefan.Ill take the ratty one, Matt was saying, set up it with Damon and ignoring her. Im used to ratty cars. I already arranged a deal with the guy. We should get going. Still speaking only to Damon, he said, Youll have to tell me where were really going . We dexterity get separated.Damon was silent for a long moment. Then, brusquely, he said, Sedona, Arizona, for a start.Matt looked disgusted. That place full of New Age lunatics? Youre kidding.I said well start out from Sedona. Its complete wilderness nothing but vibrate all around it. You could get lostvery easily. Damon flashed the brilliant smile and today turned it off.Well be at the juniper Resort, off North Highway 89A, he added smoothly.Ive got it, Matt said. Elena could see no perception in either his face or his expression, but his aura was seething red.Now, Matt, Elena began, we should really meet every night, so if you just follow us She broke off with a sharply inhaled breath.Matt had already turned around. He didnt turn back when she spoke. He just kept going, without another word.Without a backward glance.